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The proton is a fundamental particle that plays a crucial role in the structure of atoms. It is found in the nucleus of every atom alongside neutrons, making up the majority of an atom's mass. Protons are positively charged particles, while neutrons have no charge. The number of protons in an atom determines its atomic number, which defines the element's identity. Protons are made up of even smaller particles called quarks, specifically two up quarks and one down quark. This combination gives each proton a positive charge, equal to the negative charge of an electron. The strong nuclear force holds protons and neutrons together in the nucleus, despite their positive charges repelling each other. The study of protons helps scientists understand the fundamental building blocks of matter and how they interact. From the early models of the atomic structure to modern quantum mechanics, the proton remains a central figure in our understanding of the universe.